Second Conditional

The second conditional talks about imaginary or hypothetical situations in the present or future. The situation is either impossible, very unlikely, or contrary to current reality. We use it to speculate, fantasise, or give advice. It does NOT talk about real plans.

• • Structure: If + past simple, would + infinitive
• • Use "were" instead of "was" in formal writing: "If I were you, I would apologise."
• • In everyday speech, "was" is commonly used: "If I was rich, I'd buy a house."
• • "Would" can be contracted: I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, we'd, they'd.
• • The if-clause and main clause can be swapped: "I would travel the world if I won the lottery."

1. 1

   Imaginary situations in the present or future

   If I had wings, I would fly everywhere.

2. 2

   Situations that are unlikely to happen

   If we found a solution, we would be very lucky.

3. 3

   Giving advice with "If I were you"

   If I were you, I would apologise immediately.

4. 4

   Wishes and dreams

   If she lived closer, we would see each other every day.

5. 5

   Polite requests (would)

   Would you mind if I sat here?

• Describes imaginary or hypothetical present/future situations.
• Structure: If + past simple, would + infinitive.
• Use "were" instead of "was" in formal contexts.
• Never use "would" in the if-clause.
• The situation is unlikely or contrary to reality.
• Great for giving advice: "If I were you, I would..."

Two friends are chatting at lunch about their dreams.